2 characteristics of homologous series

Present general information about the definition, characteristics and structure of homologous including additional information not found in the original video lesson include at least 2 facts not. They show a steady change in physical properties from one member to the next. Homologous series definition a homologous series is a group of organic chemical compounds, usually listed in order of increasing size, that have a similar structure and hence, also similar properties and whose structures differ only by the number of c h 2 units in the main carbon chain. Jan 25, 2020 a translocation mutation is a type of mutation in which a piece of one chromosome breaks off and is joined to another chromosome. Within a given homologous series the chemical properties of the compounds are. The formula of methane is ch4 and the formula of ethane is c2 h6. The successive members vary from each other by a ch 2 unit. Homologous series are referenced frequently in organic chemistry, where compounds can differ by the length of their carbon chain. A homologous series homos is greek for the same as can be defined as the group of compounds in which the various members have similar structural features and similar chemical properties and the successive members differ in their molecular formula by one methylene ch 2 group. A group of organic compounds containing same functional group which can be represented by the same general formula and which have similar trends in their properties are called a homologous series. Members of the homologous series are called homologs.

Wmpjan11chem1 12 do not write outside the box 12 6 octane is the eighth member of the alkane homologous series. The carbon atoms have a unique property to combine with other carbon atoms repeatedly. Molecular formula molecular formula of different members of a homologous series differs from previous. Homologous series is the characteristic feature of carbon compounds in which carbon and hydrogen atoms in hydrocarbons varying by single parameter. The general characteristics of a homologous series are. Characteristics of a homologous series k12 education. A homologous series is a family of hydrocarbons with similar chemical properties who share the same general formula. The properties of ch3oh, c2h5oh, and c3h7oh are similar and follow a gradual change with increasing molecular mass of the successive. The alkanes, alkenes and cycloalkanes are examples of homologous series. For example, you could look at boiling points of h2o, h2s, and h2se and then explain the difference with a discussion of intermolecular forces. Characteristics of homologous series carbon compound youtube.

The functional group of alcohols is the hydroxyl group i. Homologous series in organic chemistry are groups of molecules that have the same basic structure, including the same functional group. What is the molecular formula of the 2nd and 3rd members of. The successive members differ in their molecular formula by ch2 group, they differ in molecular weight by 14 units. A homologous series is a group of organic compounds, which has the same functional group, but two successive members differ by ch 2 group. Some examples of homologous series are shown in the following table. Which compound is a member of the same homologous series as c3h6. Homologous series grade 11 science notes reference notes. For example, ethane c2h6, has a higher boiling point than methane ch4. Homologous series helps in determination of structure of the successive member of the series and the property of. Homologous series of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes with examples. A hydrocarbon homologous series is a series of hydrocarbons which.

Translocation mutation between non homologous chromosomes is not to be confused with crossover between homologous chromosomes or regions of chromosomes. All the members of the same series cant be represented by the same general formula. The chemical structures of these compounds were confirmed by 1 hnmr. They only differ in the number of methylene ch 2 groups. Homologous series is defined as a systematic order of organic compounds having same functional group that can be represented by same general formula and prepared by same method.

Characteristics of homologous series each member of the series differs from the preceding or succeeding member by one methylene group ch 2 and hence by a molecular mass of 14 amu. Homologous series are referenced frequently in organic chemistry, where compounds can. Such series are most common among organic compounds, the structural difference being a methylene group, as in the paraffin hydrocarbons, or. All members of a series contain the same functional group i. A series of organic compounds that have similar structural features but differ from adjacent members by ch 2 group is referred to as homologous series. The members of a homologous series can be represented by same general formula. In chemistry, a homologous series is a group of compounds that share the same basic chemical makeup, but differ in the number of iterations of a certain aspect of their structure. The members of the homologous series consists of same general formula such as alkanes have general formula c n h. Significance and properties of the homologous series gulpmatrix. In a homologous series there is a gradual increase in boiling point as the number of carbon atoms increases. Due to the presence of the same functional group, compounds within the same homologous series have similar chemical properties.

Deletion, the loss of genetic material, and duplication, the. Chemicals in the same homologous series will show a gradual variation in one property eg. A homologous series is a group or family of organic compounds that has certain characteristics. Homologous series cie igcse chemistry revision notes.

The difference in molecular mass of two consecutive members. Hydrocarbons are chain molecules of varying lengths made from hydrogen and carbon atoms only, joined together by covalent bonds. For example in ch 4 and c 2 h 6, the difference is ch 2 unit and the difference between c 2 h 6 and c 3 h 8 is also ch 2 unit. Describe characteristics of homologous series qs study. Synthesis and characterization of two homologous series of. In organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group. They differ in formula from one member to the next by one ch2 unit. Oct 15, 2019 characteristics of a homologous series are.

Significance and properties of the homologous series. Homologous series are not unique to organic chemistry. Natures chemistry homologous series national 5 chemistry. For example, you could look at boiling points of h2o, h2s, and h2se and then explain the difference with a discussion of. Characteristics of homologous series 1 all compounds in the series are composed of same elements and contain the same functional group. Notes on functional group and homologous series grade 11. This is because the london dispersion forces between.

Two consecutive members of a homologous series differs each. Differ by ch 2 in molecular formulae from neighbouring compounds. The series which consists of similar structures and similar chemical properties in which the successive compounds differs by a ch 2 group is termed as homologous series. A few carbon compounds also exhibit a similar pattern. Titanium, vanadium, and molybdenum oxides all form homologous series e. Two homologous series of racemic diastereomeric cis and trans 2 dimethylaminomethylcycloheptyl 2 alkoxyphenylcarbamates with alkyl chain lengths ranging from c 1 to c 8 were synthesized by stereoselective reactions.

Alkane, alkene, alcohol, carboxylic acids and esters. Which type of bond occurs in a saturated hydrocarbon molecule. Based on the table, state and explain five characteristics of a homologous series. Structural formula all the members of a homologous series have same structural formula. Homologous series examples, answers, activities, experiment. Which hydrocarbon is a member of the series with the general formula cnh2n 2. The table shows some information about three members of a homologous series. A series of a organic compound each containing a characteristic functional group and the successive members differ by from each other in molecular formula by ch2methylene group is called homologous series. Such organic compounds that vary from one another by. Characteristics of a homologous series general formula.

What are the characteristics of homologous series answers. The corresponding homologous series of primary straightchained alcohols comprises methanol ch 4 o, ethanol c 2 h 6 o, 1propanol c 3 h 8 o, 1butanol, and so on. Properties of homologous series definition, examples. The compounds in a homologous series should have 1 similar chemical formulas 2 similar chemical properties 3 physical properties that show a gradual change or trend based on the. Covalent bonds are formed when atoms share pair of electrons. All the members of a series can be represented by the same general formula. The following is one of the chemistry spm 2009 questions related to homologous series. Two consecutive members of a homologous series differs each other in their composition by ch 2. The singlering cycloalkanes form another such series, starting with cyclopropane. Characteristics of homologous series carbon compound. Homologous series homologous series characteristics. Homologous series is a group or a class of organic compounds having same general formula and similar chemical properties in which the successive members differ by a ch 2 group let us consider members of alkanes given in table 11. State any four characteristics of a homologous series. Jan 10, 20 the characteristics of a homologous series is the study of the compounds of carbon in organic chemistry.

All the members of a series can be represented by same general formula. Learn homologous series with free interactive flashcards. For example in ch 4 and c 2h 6, the difference is ch 2 unit and the difference between c 2h 6 and c 3h 8 is also ch 2 unit. All members of a homologous series contain the same elements and functional group. All the members of a homologous series can be represented by a common general formula, as they have the same functional group.

Difference in molecular mass of two consecutive members of the series is 14 unit i. A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be represented by a general formula. A homologous series in organic chemistry is a group of organic compounds compounds that contain carbon c atoms that diverge from each other by one methylene ch 2 group. The number of carbons continuously bonded together is an important structural feature and is described using the homologous series. In the above three series, each member differs from its proceeding member by a ch 2. They are represented by a general molecular formula. A homologous series is a family of organic compounds which follows a regular structural pattern, in which each successive member differs in its molecular formula by a ch 2 group. Notes on homologous series grade 10 science carbon. Describe the general characteristics of a homologous series. During sexual reproduction, one chromosome in each homologous pair is donated from the mother and the other from the father.

Homologous series, any of numerous groups of chemical compounds in each of which the difference between successive members is a simple structural unit. Ch 2 oh butyl alcohol 1butanol characteristics of a homologous series. An homologous series is a group of compounds with similar structural features that can be represented by a general formula whose members differ by one ch 2 unit. For example, methane, ethane, and propane are part of a homologous series. Ch 3 ch 2 ch 2 oh propyl alcohol 1propanol ch 3 ch 2. Carbon chains of varying length have been observed in organic compounds having the same general formula. Homologous series are families of organic compounds.

The alcohols which only contain one hydroxyl group attached to a saturated carbon form a homologous series. Each member of homologous series is called homolog. You can think of an homologous series as a family or group of compounds, whose chemical behaviour is very similar and whose physical properties show trends when ascending the. The difference between two consecutive members in their composition is ch 2 unit. Each human cells contain 23 pairs of chromosomes or 46 total. In the field of organic chemistry, a homologous series is a series of compounds with the same functional group and similar chemical properties in which the members of the series can. Characteristics of homologous series in chemistry spm, students were introduced with five homologous series. Other than sharing the same general formula, what are 2 other features of members of the same homologous series. Choose from 352 different sets of homologous series flashcards on quizlet. Nov 01, 2019 homologous series and its characteristics, homologous series a level chemistry, homologous series and examples, homologous series and their functional group, homologous series of aldehyde. A human karyotype shows the complete set of human chromosomes. The characteristics of a homologous series is the study of the compounds of carbon in organic chemistry. Aug 20, 2018 what is the homologous series of hydrocarbons what do you mean by homologous series. The compounds in a homologous series should have 1 similar chemical formulas 2 similar chemical properties 3 physical properties that show a gradual change or trend based on the differences in their formulas for example, you could look at boiling points of h2o, h2s, and h2se and then explain the difference with a discussion of intermolecular.

A series of compounds where each consecutive member differs from one particular unit is called a homologous series. Predict and explain the trends in boiling points of members of a homologous series. Homologous series a homologous series is a group of compounds with similar characteristics and the same general formula. Deltastep is a social initiative by graduates of iimahmedabad, iimbangalore, iitkharagpur, isikolkata, columbia university usa, ntu singapore and other leading institutes.

What is the homologous series of hydrocarbons what do you mean by homologous series. Dec 02, 2018 this video is created by more videos and free notes are available at. The members of a series have same functional group. Homologous series chemistry, class 11, organic chemistry. Alkanes, alkenes and alkynes are some examples for this series. The characteristics of a homologous series is outlined below.

In chemistry, a homologous series is a series of organic compounds with a similar general formula, possessing similar chemical properties due to the presence of the same functional group, and shows a gradation in physical properties as a result of increase in molecular size and mass. A homologous series is a group of chemicals which have similar chemical properties and can be. Every chromosome pair represents a set of homologous chromosomes. Naming branched chain alkanes homologous series national. In first year organic chemistry, the first ten names of the homologous series are usually all that need to be memorized. All members of a homologous series exhibit some common characteristics.